Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Essay No. 01
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was an Indian scientist and administrator. He served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. During his term as President, he was lovingly known as the People’s President. Kalam was born on 15th October 1931. He was raised in the Rameswaram district in Tamil Nadu. He studied physics at St. Joseph’s College in Tiruchirappalli. He also studied aerospace engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology.
As he came from a poor background, he had to start working at an early age. After completing school, he distributed newspapers to support his father’s income. Although in his school years he got average grades, he was described as a hardworking student who had a strong desire to learn and spend hours on his studies, especially mathematics.
Kalam started his career by designing a small helicopter for the Indian Army. In 1969, he was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organization. Here he was the project director of India’s first native Satellite Launch Vehicle-III that successfully set up the Rohini satellite near Earth’s orbit. Joining ISRO was one of the biggest achievements of his life.
Before his term as President, he worked as an Aerospace engineer with Defense Research and Development Organization and Indian Space Research Organization. For his work on the development of flying missiles and launch vehicle technology, he is known as the ‘Missile Man of India’. In 1998, he played an important part in technical development in India’s Pokhran-II nuclear tests.
The Government of India has honoured him with the Padma Shushan and Padma Vibhushan for his works and his role as a scientific advisor to the Indian Government. He has also received Bharat Ratna, which is India’s highest civilian honour.
Kalam was known for his motivational speeches and interaction with students in India. He launched his mission for the youth of the nation in 2011. It was called, ‘What Can I Give Movement’. Its central theme was to defeat corruption in India.
Kalam was the third President of India to have been honoured with a Bharat Ratna for his immense contribution in the field of scientific research. He also upgraded the defense technology in India, before becoming the President. He became the first scientist and the first bachelor to occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.
In his book ‘India 2020’, Kalam has mentioned an action plan to develop India into a superpower by the year 2020. He regarded his work on India’s nuclear weapons programme as a way to declare India’s position as an upcoming superpower.
Essay No. 02
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is the 12th twelfth President of free India. He is a famous scholar and a scientist.
Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15th October 1931 at the holy place of Rameshwaram in Tamil Nadu. He hails from a middle-class family. Ever since childhood, he was self-dependent by nature. He supported his family financially by selling newspapers when he was just in his teens.
Dr. Kalam did his schooling from Ramnathpuram and completed his graduation from Joseph College in Tiruchirapalli. Dr. Kalam started his professional career in Defence Research and Development Organisation in the year 1958. It was years later in 1983 that he became the Chief Instructor of the SLV-3 Project at the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
The experiments on various missiles like Akash, Prithvi, Naag, Trishul, etc. were done under the supervision of Dr. Abdul Kalam. He was awarded ‘Bharat Ratna’ in the year 1997 by the then President Dr. K.R. Narayanan.
Dr. Kalam is popular among all communities. Inspite of being the President of India, he is a very simple man by nature and he has a great fondness for Indian art and literature.
Dr. Kalam has co-authored two books—India 2020 and Wings of Fire.
Immediately after taking the oath of office as President, he addressed the nation that he will try all in his powers to make India a developed country and also emphasized national security as a national priority.
Essay No. 03
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
On 15th July 2002, about ninety percent of Members of Parliament and Members of Legislative Assemblies cast their vote to elect the 12th President. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam defeated Lakshmi Sehgal and was declared elected on 18th July 2002. Kalam was sworn in on 25th July 2002 by the Chief Justice of India in the Central Hall of Parliament.
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born at Dhanushkodi, Tamil Nadu on 15 October 1931. Abdul Kalam was the first graduate in his family–three of his brothers did not even finish school. After completing his graduation from St. Joseph College, Tiruchirapalli, he received Diploma in Aeronautical Engineering from Madras Institute of Technology. He then went to join Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and became head of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). As the head of the DRDO, he pioneered and brought to shape the integrated guided missile program of India. Nuclear tests in Pokhran on 11th and 13th May 1998 were also one of his achievements. Under his Stewardship, India’s missile development program took rapid strides, culminating in the successful launches of the Trishul, Prithvi, Agni, Nag, and Akash Missiles. Abdul Kalam was conferred the Nation’s highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna in 1997. He had been honoured with Padma Vibhushan in 1990 and Padma Bhushan in 1981.
Dr. Kalam was a man of distinction, a member of the minority community, and, most important, an icon with the assertive class. Mr. Kalam’s selection as the President of India is a classic example of the magic of democracy where a person hailing from a poor community can expect to rise to the most prestigious position through sheer dint of merit. Nobody would have dreamt that a young boy selling newspapers at a small railway station of Rameshwaram could even become the President of India. This is what has really happened.
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